Data and Analytics

Climate change is reshaping the risks and opportunities investors and businesses are facing worldwide. At Scientific Climate Ratings, we offer solutions that combine cutting-edge climate science with granular financial data to deliver comprehensive, actionable climate risk assessments. We transform complex data into useful insights, empowering clients to navigate uncertainty, act decisively, and build resilience. From physical hazards, like floods and wildfires, to transition risks driven by the aim for a low-carbon economy, our ratings support organisations to prepare for a sustainable future.

ClimateMetrics - Our On-Demand Platform

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Extreme weather events have increased by 83 per cent since 1980, and rising global temperatures further increase the frequency and severity of climate hazards, leading to devastating human and financial costs (UNDER, 2020).

At Scientific Climate Ratings, we have the ambition to be at the forefront of climate action, empowering businesses to understand, adapt, and thrive in the face of climate change. By connecting science with actionable solutions, we enable our clients to make informed decisions that drive sustainable growth and future-proof their operations in a rapidly changing world.

Together with ClimaTech, the world’s most extensive database of adaptation and mitigation strategies, our platform enables comprehensive risk assessment and future-ready decision-making.

Why Choose ClimateMetrics

Future-proof your business with ease

  • Our intuitive platform enables you to develop actionable strategies that not only mitigate climate risk but also fortify your business’s resilience.
  • With built-in adaptability, our tool automatically fills in gaps where data may be missing, ensuring comprehensive risk assessment at all times.
  • Benefit from modular, granular outcomes—whether assessing individual assets or entire portfolios—covering everything from exposure levels to financial impacts of climate risks.

Gain deep insights into your climate risk exposure

  • Leverage the power of the Scientific Climate Ratings robust climate-conditioned financial models. Our state-of-the-art platform provides data-driven insights which simplify the complexities of climate risk and resilience.
  • We translate your climate exposure into clear financial terms across multiple scenarios and timeframes, equipping you with the data you need to make informed, forward-thinking decisions.

Comprehensive risk simulations at your fingertips

  • Simulate various climate risk scenarios across different time horizons and mitigation strategies, all in one easy-to-use platform.

You want to experience ClimateMetrics in action?
Our experts will be happy to help.

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Physical Risk

Physical risks refer to the potential damage from acute extreme weather events and chronic changes in weather patterns due to climate change. These risks increase in scenarios where global carbon emissions are not reduced. In addition to the four hazard types captured by our ratings (floods, storms, wildfires, and heat stress), our data covers the main physical risks as identified by the EU Taxonomy Regulation.
We measure the damage and disruption to infrastructure assets and their operations caused by extreme climate events.

Physical Risk Key Metrics

Physical Damage at Risk
(PDaR)

Expected annual damage from a given hazard in % of total assets*

Physical Value at Risk
(PVaR)

Expected annual damage from a given hazard in (mUSD)*
Expected Net Asset Value (NAV) Loss
Expected NAV loss due to all physical damages expressed in (%) or in (mUSD)**

5 scale
Physical Risk Score

Low to extreme for all physical hazards

* Could be expressed in revenue loss when relevant
** We can provide relative of absolute change between NAV without and with physical damages

Decoding Physical Climate Risk: Find the Answers You Need (FAQ section)

Our models allow us to calculate the relative difference in assets’ Net Asset Values (NAVs) with and without physical damages. This percentage value provides companies with an understanding of the financial materiality of physical risks as of today and until two time horizons: 2035 and 2050. This calculation is reflected in the Effective Climate Risk Rating (ECRR).
Yes, we include climate scenarios in our models to consider the increase in future damages. For physical risks, we consider two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, which we align with the Oxford Economics scenarios.
  • We cover damage from floods, storms, wildfires, and heat stress. According to the UNDRR (2020), floods and storms are the most common climate-related hazard events, accounting for approximately 44% and 28% of all climate events between 2000 and 2019, while extreme temperatures account for 6% and wildfires for 3%. Additionally, the majority of research focuses on these hazard types and provides damage functions and other indicators that allow us to measure damage and disruption caused by such climate events.
  • For risk exposure: On top of the above, we can cover all the physical risks identified by the EU Taxonomy Regulation.
  • We review our models and metrics on an annual basis, which may result in updates to incorporate the latest input data sources (e.g., updated hazard maps, revised damage functions, new research findings, or changes in company information).
  • Floods: flood depth in a global 10m by 10m resolution
  • Extratropical storms: max. wind gust in a global 0.25° by 0.25° resolution
  • Tropical cyclones: max. wind speed in a global 11km by 11km resolution
  • Wildfires: burnt date in a global 500m by 500m resolution
  • Heat stress: Wet Bulb Globe Temperature in a global 25km by 25km resolution

For some hazards, we use several indicators. Please refer to our technical documents on physical risks for more details.

Must-haves:

  • Asset’s location: name, address (with postal code), ideally coordinates (latitude & longitude)
  • Type of asset: sector (ideally specific TICCS sector classification)

For more precise assessment:

  • Financial information: total asset value, revenue
  • Resilience strategies

Methodology Documents

Storm Risk
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Wildfire Risk
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Flood Risk
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Heat Risk
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Transition Risk

Transition risks refer to the potential affect arising from the shift towards a low-carbon economy. These include changes in policies that impact carbon costs, technological advancements, shifts in market preferences, and reputational risks. Based on companies’ direct and indirect carbon emissions, our ratings capture exposure to transition risks and assess their financial impacts.

Transition Risk Key Metrics

Absolute Carbon Emissions
Scope 1, 2, and 3 carbon emissions (in tCO2e)
Carbon Intensity

Scope 1+2 and Scope 3 carbon intensity by revenue (in tCO2e/mUSD)

Financed Emissions

Scope 1+2 emissions divided by NAV or EVIC (in tCO2e/mUSD)

Expected NAV loss
Expected NAV loss due to both Policy & Technology and Market Preferences expressed in (%) or (mUSD)

Decoding Climate Risk: Find the Answers You Need (FAQ section)

TCFD defines transition risks as challenges stemming from new regulations, technological advancements, and changing market dynamics in the attempt to transition to a low-carbon economy. One of the main solutions to mitigate climate change is to impose a carbon tax to incentivise companies to reduce their carbon footprint. Accordingly, our transition risk assessment is based on carbon intensities and carbon tax. As this tax represents a risk for companies, particularly those heavily emitting carbon, we call those risks “transition risks”. ​While actual carbon taxes today may be 0 for some countries, the values estimated by NGFS are different from 0, as they proxy a more general range of policy actions aimed to reduce carbon emissions (e.g., cap-and-trade systems, strict regulations and standards, carbon offset programs…).
Multiple years of research support our carbon metrics estimates. This includes the use of the Infrastructure Company and Classification Standard (TICCS) to classify infrastructure assets and the TICCS+ Taxonomy and EDHEC Materiality Profiles to identify assets’ main activities and operations, their primary technologies, and their main sources of emissions. Our estimates further rely on public research articles that specify sector activities and reports from reliable institutions (e.g., EIA, IEA, NREL, World Bank, etc.), among others. For more details, please refer to our S1+2 and S3 methodology documents.

Data availability for some infrastructure sectors remains a challenge. Accordingly, some of our emissions estimations rely on revenue- or activity-based models rather than statistical calibration.

However, combining a variety of data sources with reliable approaches and aligning them to widely accepted standards, like the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, allows us to gain valuable and reliable insights into patterns of carbon intensity across TICCS sub-classes.

Moreover, our methods and models are validated against emission estimates from different sources, such as international organisations (e.g. World Bank, WRI, EIA, etc.) or reported data from companies’ sustainability reports.

We provide Carbon Intensities by revenue (CIBR) for Scope 1 & 2 and Scope 3 emissions at asset/company level.  For all approaches, we aim to include as much reported data on S1+2 emissions as possible to improve the robustness of the results.

For Scope 3 carbon emission intensities our methodology estimates these using a top-down approach. Our approach focuses on systematic features common to assets of the same sector rather than idiosyncratic characteristics, which are difficult to capture for multi-tiered supply chains. We focus specifically on the operational upstream and downstream activities of infrastructure assets, while emissions from the construction and disposal phases are not included.

We have developed a Data Quality Scores (DQS) for the data used to quantify Scope 1 and Scope 2, as well as Scope 3 emissions.  The DQS offers decreasing quality scores ranging from 1 to 5, inspired by PCAF.

Yes, we do consider the effects of future climate scenarios, as developed by Oxford Economics. All our underlying metrics are available across seven scenarios that describe possible pathways for a large number of macro-financial quantities for two time horizons – until 2035 and 2050. For the Potential Climate Exposure Rating, we calculate all metrics under the most likely scenario, while for the Effective Climate Risk Rating, we consider the probabilities of all scenarios.
All metrics are aligned with well-accepted international standards, like the Greenhouse Gas Protocol and the Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF). If available, our methodology follows additional recommendations from sector-specific institutions. We further provide a Data Quality Score (DQS) that highlights the reliability and precision of the underlying data. The DQS are aligned with PCAF, offering a clear benchmark to evaluate data completeness, consistency, and relevance.

The carbon metrics are updated on an annual basis using multiple sources of data, such as:

  • Reported emissions from financial and sustainability reports
  • Public information like public data from international organisations (e.g. the World Bank, EIA, WRI, etc.), websites of companies, and other reliable sources
  • Commercial datasets that provide asset characteristics, such as geolocation, capacities, output production, or volumes of operations

For more details, please refer to our S1+2 and S3 methodology documents.

Methodology Documents

Scope 1&2
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Scope 3
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ClimaTech

ClimaTech is the world’s largest knowledge base for strategies and technologies, which supports companies in their efforts to mitigate risks, adapt to climate change, decarbonise, and build resilience — the database offers actionable insights for sustainable and resilient assets across all TICCS infrastructure sectors. Our ratings use the provided indicators on strategies’ effectiveness to re-evaluate potential and effective climate risks and adjust the PCER and ECRR.

Decoding Climate Risk: Find the Answers You Need (FAQ section)

Yes, we can account for companies’ adaptation measures and strategies at the asset level. We use our proprietary database, ClimaTech, which incorporates 100+ distinct strategies across 101 infrastructure sectors, resulting in approximately 1,800 sector-strategy applications. These strategies are assessed based on their sector-specific effectiveness levels and key enabling technologies, drawing on insights from more than 200 academic papers, technical documents, and government reports. We present the effectiveness of decarbonisation strategies (transition risk) in terms of avoided emissions in percent, and the effectiveness of resilience measures (physical risk) in terms of damage reduction in percent. A review board of experts from academia, the private sectors, construction standards, sovereign wealth funds, public pension funds, consulting, and regulatory bodies to validate the database for relevance and robustness and ensure the highest scientific and industry standards. For more information, please visit the ClimaTech website.
Our physical risk model for heat stress estimates the impact of temperature rise on productivity and revenue loss. While we do not consider regional adaptation strategies like increased cooling capacity, shift scheduling changes, or improved heat resilience measures, we do assess direct measures at the company level and – depending on the evaluation through ClimaTech – adjust the ratings accordingly.
Our physical risk model for wildfires primarily includes historical burnt data, climate conditions, and vegetation density to estimate wildfire probabilities. While we do not include localised vegetation management like creating defensible space, controlled burns, or fire-resistant landscaping, we do assess direct measures on a company level, and – depending on the evaluation through ClimaTech – adjust the ratings accordingly.

Methodology Documents

Resilience and decarbonisation adjustments
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